At the end of World War II, art in Japan comprised three major categories: figurative painting with a strong surrealistic leaning, influenced by a socialist point of view, and at the opposite end of the spectrum, art that employed new technology of the times. Later, in the 1950s, the Gutai group in Kobe worked in a wide range of expressions, but focused on performance, a practice also found in the Tokyo art scene avant-garde performance groups of the Hi-Red-Center and Neo-Dada Organisers.

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